What chemical is commonly used to eliminate pathogens, algae, and fungal spores in a cooling tower water basin?

Chlorine is widely used in cooling tower water systems for its effectiveness as a biocide. It works by disrupting the cellular processes of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungal spores, thereby eliminating them from the water. Its strong oxidative properties allow it to react quickly with organic matter and pathogens, making it a reliable choice for maintaining water quality and preventing biofilm buildup that can lead to system inefficiency and corrosion.

In cooling towers, the application of chlorine can be continuous or shock dosing, depending on the contamination levels and operational needs. Chlorine is preferred due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and proven track record in water treatment applications.

Other options, while they may serve similar purposes in water treatment, have different applications or effectiveness in specific situations. Ozone, for instance, is a powerful disinfectant but is less stable and has higher costs associated with its generation and application. Hydrogen peroxide is effective as well but typically used in lower concentrations and often in combination with other treatments. Bromine is another alternative used mainly in hot water systems and is typically less effective than chlorine for cooling towers but does offer some advantages in specific circumstances.