What must all intercoolers be equipped with to ensure proper functioning?

Intercoolers play a crucial role in refrigeration systems, particularly in multi-stage compression systems. To ensure proper functioning, they must be equipped with a pressure gauge, thermometer, and pressure reducing valve.

A pressure gauge is essential because it allows operators to monitor the pressure levels within the intercooler, ensuring that they remain within the desired range for optimal cooling performance. Monitoring pressure helps in identifying any potential issues early, such as blockages or leaks, which could affect the efficiency of the refrigeration process.

A thermometer is critical for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant as it passes through the intercooler. Maintaining the appropriate temperature range is vital for efficient system performance, as it impacts the refrigerant's ability to absorb and release heat effectively. Monitoring temperature changes can also indicate the need for maintenance or adjustments.

The presence of a pressure reducing valve contributes to controlling the system pressure. It helps in managing the pressure drop across the intercooler, ensuring that the refrigerant is cooled efficiently before it enters the next stage of compression. This regulation is important for preventing excessive pressure build-up, which could lead to system failure or inefficiency.

In contrast, while the other options list various components that may have roles in other systems, they do not specifically address the fundamental